The OSI model provides an extensive list of functions and
services that can occur at each layer. It also describes the interaction
of each layer with the layers directly above and below. The TCP/IP
protocols discussed in this course are structured around both the OSI
and TCP/IP models. Click each layer of the OSI model to view the
details.
The functionality of each layer and the relationship
between layers will become more evident throughout this course as the
protocols are discussed in more detail.
Note: Whereas the TCP/IP model layers are referred to
only by name,...
Sunday, January 22, 2017
Monday, January 16, 2017
Lab - Researching Networking Standards
In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:
Part 1: Research Networking Standards Organizations
Part 2: Reflect on Internet and Computer Networking Experience
Lab - Researching Networking Standards
...
Saturday, January 14, 2017
Internet Standards
Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral, non-profit
institutions established to develop and promote the concept of open
standards. Various organizations have different responsibilities for
promoting and creating standards for the TCP/IP protocol.
Standards organizations shown in Figure 1 include:
Internet Society (ISOC) – Responsible for promoting the open development and evolution of Internet use throughout the world.
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) - Responsible for the overall management and development of Internet standards.
...
Friday, January 13, 2017
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Today, the TCP/IP protocol suite includes many protocols,
as shown in the figure. Click each protocol to view the acronym’s
translation and description. The individual protocols are organized in
layers using the TCP/IP protocol model: Application, Transport,
Internet, and Network Access Layers. TCP/IP protocols are specific to
the Application, Transport, and Internet layers. The network access
layer protocols are responsible for delivering the IP packet over the
physical medium. These lower layer protocols are developed by various
standards organizations.
The TCP/IP protocol suite is implemented as...
Thursday, January 12, 2017
Development of TCP/IP
The first packet switching network and predecessor to
today’s Internet was the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(ARPANET), which came to life in 1969 by connecting mainframe computers
at four locations. ARPANET was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense
for use by universities and research laboratories.
Click through the timeline in the figure to see details about the development of other network protocols and application...
Monday, January 9, 2017
Protocol Interaction
Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an
interaction between several protocols. The protocols shown in the
figure include:
HTTP - is an application protocol that governs
the way a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the content
and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between
the client and server. Both the client and the web server software
implement HTTP as part of the application. HTTP relies on other
protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client
and server.
TCP - is the transport...
Sunday, January 8, 2017
Rules that Govern Communications
A group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a
communication function is called a protocol suite. Protocol suites are
implemented by hosts and networking devices in software, hardware or
both.
One of the best ways to visualize how the protocols within a
suite interact is to view the interaction as a stack. A protocol stack
shows how the individual protocols within a suite are implemented. The
protocols are viewed in terms of layers, with each higher level service
depending on the functionality defined by the protocols shown in the
lower levels. The lower layers of the stack are concerned...